Four unpublished essays are woven into this publication on the Muslim South. Each one deals with a topic that generally marks the character of Muslim societies and this provides a basis for the understanding of attitudes, values and developments in the region historically. First essay touches on the development of folk Islam. Second discusses in detail the "sultanate", third deals with the struggle for supremacy of various Muslim naval forces throughout the duration of the Spanish rule and the fourth takes the Muslim struggle briefly into the American colonial era.